Barong and Rangda as Cultural Symbols: Dualism, Conservation, and Social Harmony

Abstract

This article explores the dynamic relationship between myth, ritual, and cultural philosophy in Balinese tradition, focusing on the symbolism of Barong and Rangda as embodiments of the rwa bhineda concept, the duality of opposing yet complementary forces that sustain cosmic harmony. In Balinese society, myth is not a relic of the past but a living source of ethical, ecological, and spiritual wisdom manifested through rituals, performing arts, and daily practices. The Barong–Rangda performance functions as a sacred drama that restores balance between good (dharma) and evil (adharma), while also serving as a moral and social reminder of unity and mutual respect. Over time, the transformation from sacred ritual to profane performance illustrates the adaptive nature of Balinese culture in maintaining spiritual integrity amidst modernity and globalisation. The study highlights how myth operates as a cultural framework that guides conservation values, ecological awareness, and interhuman tolerance. Ultimately, the Barong–Rangda myth represents a universal message of harmony, affirming that true solidarity arises not from uniformity but from the willingness to coexist in diversity, thus reinforcing Bali’s enduring philosophy of balance between humanity, nature, and the divine.